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Major 1 (Proficiency in English language)

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Name of College:- Maharani Shree Nandkunvarba Mahila arts and commerce college  Name:- Bhimani Sadaf Zehra Year:- F.Y.B.A Subject:-   Major 1 (Proficiency in English Language) Teacher:- Aamena Ma'am Formal Letters Formal letters are oficial written communications used in business, offices  and professional life. They are different from personal letters because they  follow a specific structure, tone, and format. In professional life, formal letters  are very important because they are used for transactions, complaints, orders  job applications, etc. Without formal letters, official communication would  become unorganized. Below are some main types of formal letters with explanation, uses, and details: 1) Credit Letter A Letter of Credit (L/C) is one of the most important letters in business. It is issued by a bank to guarantee that the buyer will pay the seller. This builds trust in business because sometimes the seller is not sure if the buy...

Ability Enhancement Course (AEC)

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Name of College: Maharani Shree Nandkunvarba Mahila arts and commerce college  Name:- Bhimani Sadaf Zehra Year:- F.Y.B.A Subject:- Ability enhancement course (AEC) Teacher:- Shivani ma'am Introduction - In English Grammar, articles are very important words because they help us  understand whether a noun is specific or general. Articles come before a noun  and show us which person or thing we are talking about. Without articles, our  sentences would sound incomplete and confusing There are three main articles in English • The -> Definite Article • A ->  Indefinite Article • An ->  Indefinite Article Now let us study them in detail one by one. 1. Definite Article - "The" Meaning: • "The" is the only definite article in English • It points to a noun that is already known, identified, or unique. Example: The sun rises in the east. (Here, the sun is only one and specific). Rules and Usage of "The" 1. Before unique things ◦ Used with things that exi...

Skill Enhancement Course (SEC)

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  Name of college:- Maharani Shree Nandkunvarba Mahila, Arts & Commerce College Name:- Bhimani Sadaf Zehra Year:- F.Y.B.A Sem:- 1st Sem Subject:- SEC (skill enhancement course) Teacher:- Aamena ma'am Importance of Life Skills 1. Introduction -  Definition  Life skills = abilities that help a person handle daily problems, relationships  and decisions in a positive, effective way Note to self These are notjust school subjects. They are real-world skills how to talk  to people, make choices, control feelings, solve problems, manage money,  etc. Why write about them? Because marks alone don't make life easy - these skills do . Employers,  friends, family, and even mental health depend on them. 2. Need for life skills   Fast-changing world: ○ Explanation: Technology, jobs and social norms change quickly. If you only memorize facts, you can fall behind. Life skills (adaptability, critical thinking) help you adjust ◦ Student example: A syllabus...

My Mistress eyes are nothing like the sun: Sonnet 130

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  My Mistress Eyes Are Nothing Like The Sun ~William Shakespeare   About the poet - William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was an English writer and actor. He came from a small town called Stratford-upon-Avon. He wrote many play and poems, and his work is still read around the world. Life in short: He grew up in England, married Anne Hathaway, moved to London to work in theatre, and wrote plays and poems for the public and for patrons.  Works: Shakespeare wrote around 37 plays (famous ones: Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth) and 154 sonnets. Sonnets are short poems usually about love, beauty, time, and human feelings  Why important: Shakespeare changed English poetry. He wrote in clear,strong language. He could write funny lines, sad lines, and deep lines about human life. People still study him because his poems show feelings we understand today. Sonnets and the "Dark Lady": Many of Shakespeare's sonnets are abou a lover or a friend. Some scholars ...

IKS- Indian Knowledge System

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The Rasa Theory in Bharata's Natyashastra  Introduction, Bharata's Natyashastra, the foundational text of Indian  dramaturgy, presents the earliest and most profound  articulation of Rasa Theory - the unique aesthetic  framework through which emotional experience in art is  conceptualized. Developed between 200 BCE and 200 CE,   this Sanskrit treatise is a monumental contribution to  performance arts and literary criticism. Among its key  innovations is the concept of rasa, the aesthetic experience  of emotion evoked in a sensitive spectator (sahridaya)  through the medium of dramatic performance. This theory  has had enduring influence not only in traditional Indian  aesthetics but also in modern interpretations of literature  and performance. Conceptual Foundations of Rasa, In the Natyashastra, Bharata defines rasa as the essence or  flavor derived from a combination of expressive elements in  drama. The formul...